The Journal of Content Validation (ISSN number: 3093-8317) is an academic and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly by Content Validation Scholars Guild Malaysia. The aim of the journal is to provide a platform for researchers and practitioners to share theories, insights, and research results related to learning, social interaction, and content validation. This includes, but is not limited to, regions within Asia such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, and Western New Guinea. While the journal encourages submissions focused on the context of Asian territories, we also welcome papers that discuss broader themes relevant to the global context and connected to issues in other parts of the world. Articles are published in both Bahasa Melayu and English. The journal is published four times a year, in March, June, September, and December. Aims and Scope The Journal of Content Validation (JCV) is an open-access, peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to the rapid publication of multidisciplinary research focused on social sciences, with particular emphasis on content validation methodologies and techniques. Open Access Policy The Journal of Content Validation provides immediate open access to its content, based on the principle that making research freely available to the public fosters a greater global exchange of knowledge. Language Policy JCV accepts manuscripts written in Bahasa Melayu and English. Manuscripts submitted in Bahasa Melayu must also include the title, abstract, and keywords in English. Duties of Authors Authors must ensure that only original work is submitted for publication. Work that has been previously published in other journals should not be reproduced. Authors must not submit articles that are being reviewed or considered by other journals simultaneously. Work may only be published elsewhere after receiving a formal rejection from the Journal of Content Validation or if the request to withdraw the work is officially accepted. Authors must notify the Editor-in-Chief or publisher if any inaccuracy in the data is found in their published work, so that corrections or retractions can be made. Authors must make significant contributions to the work and take full responsibility for any shortcomings in the research. Copyright and Licensing The Journal of Content Validation publishes articles under the publisher Content Validation Scholars Guild Malaysia, allowing unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited. The copyright remains with the current copyright holder, typically the author or their institution. Copyright (c) CVSGM.
Content Validation Scholars Guild Malaysia
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF BUOYANCY FORCE EFFECTS ON MHD BOUNDARY LAYER
The dimensionless, unstable, coupled, linear perturbation a technique is utilised to resolve equations with partial differentials in the research of buoyancy pressure results on non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid go with the drift all through unsteady warmness and mass switch in the presence of a temperature gradient warmth supply and a primary chemical response within side the transferring species. Analyses and graphical displays are provided for all pertinent flow parameters. Graphs and tables are used to quantify and discuss the impacts of different flow quantities on temperature, concentration, frictional pressure, the rate factor, and the fee of mass and warmth transmission. Keywords: Heat source, Thermal radiation, Chemical reaction and Jeffrey fluid.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Content Validation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYZING THE GENDER DIPLOMACY: EXPLORING STRATEGIES, CHALLENGES, AND IMPLICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Gender diplomacy has emerged as a significant aspect of contemporary international relations, reflecting efforts to address gender disparities, promote gender equality, and integrate gender perspectives into diplomatic practices. This paper delves into the multifaceted dimensions of gender diplomacy, examining its strategies, challenges, and implications within the realm of international relations. Drawing upon interdisciplinary perspectives from political science, gender studies, and diplomacy, this research critically analyzes the evolving role of gender in diplomatic endeavors. Through a comprehensive review of scholarly literature and case studies, this paper elucidates the strategies employed by states and international organizations to integrate gender considerations into diplomatic agendas. Furthermore, it investigates the challenges encountered in implementing gender-inclusive policies and practices within diplomatic frameworks, including cultural barriers, institutional constraints, and political resistance. Finally, this research explores the broader implications of gender diplomacy for international peace and security, human rights, and global governance, highlighting its potential to reshape power dynamics and advance more inclusive and equitable diplomatic engagements on the world stage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Content Validation https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A GLOBAL COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POTATO VARIETIES: DIVERSITY, TRAITS AND PERFORMANCE
The potato is the most important non-cereal food crop in the world. In Albania, there is no official data on the introduction of the potato, but, according to specialists in the field, it began to be cultivated after 1850. Today, in Albania, potato production is estimated at around 245,000 tons per year. Compared to the region, Albania leaves behind Macedonia, Kosovo, and Montenegro. Foreign cultivars are cultivated in Albania; there are no farmer’s cultivars here. The Albanian Genetic Bank has the task of preserving and advising farmers to cultivate the best cultivars that give high yields and quality products for use in the kitchen. This study also serves this purpose, through which 13 potato cultivars were studied, which showed variation for all morphological characteristics and for quantitative characteristics.
THE BEHAVIORAL ASSUMPTION UNDERLYING A POLICY: STUDY OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS
The study of policy instruments is geared to the re-construction of final relations, being a species of the genus causal relations. To put it differently, goal-attainment is considered to be the dependent variable while instruments are seen as one of the independent variables. It should be underscored though that a policy theory does not reflect a scientific theory in the traditional sense of a universal law that has been put to an empirical test. The external validity of the findings is pretty low. A policy theory provides guidelines for action and is, as such, ideographic rather than nomologic in nature. Being utilization-focused, a policy theory should meet both academic and practical standards criteria. As they often conflict, a policy theory is often the outcome of a trade-off and consequently sub-optimal in nature. The quality of a policy theory – coherence, reliability, validity – is an important source of a policy fiasco.
The Importance of Semiconductor and Laser in the Medical Sciences
This research paper introduces semiconductor laser operation and delves into its applications in ophthalmology, surgery, cosmetics, and dentistry. It also highlights the promising future of semiconductor lasers in the medical field, offering valuable insights for researchers. Lasers, originating from Albert Einstein's 1917 theory, harness the power of excited atoms to produce a coherent, amplified beam of light. Charles Townes coined the term "laser" in 1951, and Theodore Maiman created the first laser in 1960 by exciting atoms within a medium, often a crystal, gas, or liquid. This process results in a high-wattage beam of light through energy reflection and amplification. In the medical realm, lasers have become indispensable tools, offering speed, precision, and minimal invasiveness. They have permeated various medical disciplines, transforming fields such as dermatology, ophthalmology, dentistry, and more over the last half-century. The laser's surgical functions include precise cutting with cauterization, tissue surface vaporization, and enabling internal visualization via optical fibers. Beyond surgery, lasers play a pivotal role in biological applications, from high-resolution microscopy to sub cellular nano surgery. This research paper encompasses a comprehensive survey of laser applications in medicine, categorizing them into four key areas: types of lasers, laser-tissue interactions, therapeutics, and diagnostics. These laser applications have profoundly impacted medical practices, exemplifying how innovative ideas can revolutionize the medical field.
Behavioral Study of Redundancy in Steel and RCC frames
ABSTRACT: This paper describes the seismic analysis of steel and RCC 2D frames with and without masonry infill walls. The Seven storied frame with different number of bays is analyses. Different results of Time period, Base shear and displacement were obtained using software. It is observed that providing brick infill indicates considerable and acceptable effects as compared to bare frames and it was found that infill wall reduces the time period, displacement for steel as well as RCC frames. Masonry infill walls are found in most existing steel frame building systems. The masonry infill walls which are constructed after completion of steel frames are considered as non-structural elements. Although they are designed to perform architectural functions, masonry infill walls do resist lateral forces with substantial structural action. In addition to this, infill walls have a considerable strength and stiffness and they have significant effect on the seismic response of the structural system. There is a general agreement among of the researchers that infill frames have greater strength as compared to frames without infill walls. The presence of the infill walls increases the lateral stiffness considerably. Due to the change in stiffness and mass of the structural system, the dynamic characteristics change as well. In conventional analysis of infill frame systems, the masonry infill wall may be modeled using an equivalent strut model
Influence of Mother’s Education on Health Status of Preschool Children
The early childhood and preschool years, spanning ages 3 to 6, are pivotal for a child's development, with nutrition playing a crucial role in shaping their physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being. During this phase, marked by growing independence and social interactions, maternal knowledge of nutrition significantly influences a child's health outcomes and academic success. Research underscores the importance of adequate nutrient intake despite diminished appetites, as Grade I malnutrition remains prevalent. A positive correlation exists between maternal nutritional awareness and the nutritional status of preschoolers, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to ensure optimal growth and development during these critical formative years. The user can be a student, a teacher or a parent. Any individual can take the test. The test takes less than 5 minutes to complete but is efficient in testing the user. This can be a potential and time-saving way to diagnose dyslexia rather than the conventional method of diagnosing dyslexia by scans and medical procedures.
Examining Different Potato Varieties Worldwide: A Comparative Analysis
The potato is the most important non-cereal food crop in the world. In Albania, there is no official data on the introduction of the potato, but, according to specialists in the field, it began to be cultivated after 1850. Today, in Albania, potato production is estimated at around 245,000 tons per year. Compared to the region, Albania leaves behind Macedonia, Kosovo, and Montenegro. Foreign cultivars are cultivated in Albania; there are no farmer’s cultivars here. The Albanian Genetic Bank has the task of preserving and advising farmers to cultivate the best cultivars that give high yields and quality products for use in the kitchen. This study also serves this purpose, through which 13 potato cultivars were studied, which showed variation for all morphological characteristics and for quantitative characteristics. Perhaps the historical event related to the tomato poisoning of some Italian nobles has influenced the prejudice that the potato is poisonous. A nickname for the fruit was “poison apple” because it was thought that aristocrats got sick and died after eating tomatoes, but the truth was that wealthy Europeans used tin plates, which had a high lead content. Since tomatoes are high in acidity
Mycotoxins and Mytoxicogenic Fungi from Sorghum: A Comprehensive Review
Fungi are ever-present plant and animal’s microorganism that are major fermentation agents of foods and herbages. Presence of microscopic fungi or fungal spores in crops or feed made from the crop, most often compromise the nutritional quality, sensorial attributes and the safety of the food and feeds that humans and animals solely rely on. They are also known to be infamous blender of mycotoxins. Review was carried out to determine the conceivability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods to profile any fungal contaminating sorghum, to evaluate the toxicogenicity of fungal isolated, to validate the ability of, Liquid chromatography–tandem mass LC-MS/MS to profile aflatoxin, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, citrinin and ergot alkaloids contaminating sorghum, to identify non-toxigenic fungi as bio-control agents against mycotoxin contamination of sorghum, and to evaluate the fungicide effects of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) and d’Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Steu.) against fungi contaminating sorghum. Research works considered for this review were the research studies carried out from the last ten years. It was concluded that multiplex PCR (mPCR) based assay is a rapid, cost effective and user friendly that can be used for the diagnosis of major mycotoxigenic fungi in sorghum, toxicogenicity of isolated fungi depends on the environmental and climatic factors and Aspergillus parasiticus was reported to be the highest producer of aflatoxins while Fusariumgraminaerum is the highest producer of Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol in Africa,(LC/MS/MS) method possesses the performance characteristics required to obtain accurate mycotoxins profiles in Sorghum, set of primers can be developed using quantitative PCR (qPCR), PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism( PCR-RFLP) and mPCR assay which allows for the identification and quantification of non-toxigenic fungi agents, sorghum and that Parkia.biglobosa Stem bark extract contains large quantity of phytochemical compare to the leaf extract and the constituents are higher in acetone extract than ethanol extract also D’Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves extract has the largest inhibition zones against Aspergillus alliaceus.
Comprehensive Insights: Identification and Detection of Learning Disabilities
Modern world, technology has revolutionized many fields. But in case of diagnosis of learning disabilities, we still relay on the traditional methods of diagnosis which involves tedious assessments and requires medical assistance. IDOL focusses on reducing this manual assessment and replaces it with a more reliable and accurate digital assessment. Dyslexia, Dyscalculia and Dysgraphia are prominent learning disabilities. They affect the way a person learns new things throughout their life. Dyslexia is very common in India. There are more than 10 million cases per year in India. Dyslexia is a learning disorder characterized by difficulty in reading. The condition is chronic and self-diagnosable. But a lot of people struggle to find the correct resources to diagnose the disability and some don't know how to proceed. IDOL is a solution to such issues. The application mainly focuses on dyslexia different modules which concentrates on two major learning disabilities: Dyslexia and dysgraphia. A simple assessment that consists of questions on literacy based on the age group of the user. The user can be a student, a teacher or a parent. Any individual can take the test. The test takes less than 5 minutes to complete but is efficient in testing the user. This can be a potential and time-saving way to diagnose dyslexia rather than the conventional method of diagnosing dyslexia by scans and medical procedures.
The Future Directions of Cloud Computing Industry Research and Developments
Cloud computing has the potential to revolutionize the commercial world as we know it, but it also presents many unexplored avenues for study. To better understand the state of cloud computing research, we perform comprehensive literature evaluations. There were 188 scholarly journal and conference papers cited. After reading each article, we were able to deduce its essential ideas and use those to create a taxonomy. Our research has shown that there are four main categories related to cloud computing, including (1) advantages and disadvantages, (2) implementation, (3) results, and (4) the present technological and research status of the field. In its final section, the study poses a series of questions that need to be explored further, both theoretically and experimentally. In addition to identifying research gaps in the literature, this review offers a reference source and classification for IS researchers with an interest in cloud computing.
Machining Parameter Evaluation and Optimization for 080M40 Steel Turning
The purpose of this study was to optimize and assess the machining parameters for turning 080M40 steel on a lathe. The use of tool materials and process parameters for machining forces for a chosen parameter range and the estimation of ideal performance characteristics are the subjects of this study. Provide a process for machining parameters and cutting force optimization. This array can handle three-level process parameters and has 26 degrees of freedom. There are twenty-seven possible combinations of cutting parameters, each of which is assigned to a column. Consequently, the L9 orthogonal array can be used to study the entire parameter space with just twenty-seven experiments. Three levels of analysis were performed on each parameter to investigate the nonlinear relationship between process parameters. The orthogonal array (OA) technique, a fractional factorial with a pair-wise balancing property, served as the foundation for the designed experiments. Depending on the objective function, an appropriate S/N ratio is selected in order to examine the variation in response. In the current study, a quality characteristic that results from process parameter variations within a designed range to minimize cutting force is a force on the tool. Thus, the S/N ratio for the "Lower the better" response type was applied, and it is provided by.
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF INDIGENOUS BREEDS OF CHICKENS IN SIERRA LEONE
This study phenotypically characterized indigenous breeds of chickens in regional Sierra Leone and analyzed the prevalence of E. coli isolate in fecal swabs of both indigenous and other exotic breeds of chicken. Five distinct ecotypes were identified with no significant differences (P>0.05) in morphological appearance. Qualitatively, orange and yellow eye colors were commonly found; brown and yellow beak colors predominate in the Normal and Frizzle, with single comb type observed in all breeds. The Kebu showed 100% grey shanks. Body parameters were also not significant (P>0.05). However, the Kebu showed better character than others did. An average resistance to antibiotics was shown for Sulphathiazole (97%), Ampicillin (30.4%), and Chloramphenicol (3.0%). E. coli isolates from the Kebu exhibited resistance to all the antibiotics used, while, E. coli isolates from all breeds showed resistance to Sulphathiazole and Ampicillin. All isolates were 100% susceptible to cefepime, and 92.3% susceptible to cephalosporin. Keywords: Chicken breeds, Characterization, Antibiotics, Susceptibility, Resistance
ROLE OF MACHINE LEARNING AND ANALYTICS ON DATA-DRIVEN DECISION MAKING AND PROFITABILITY IN THE RETAIL GOODS SECTOR
Information analysis is now a critical component in every practitioner and researcher's evaluation, as it reflects the impact and magnitude of the data-related problems being addressed by organizations such as list businesses. The study identified four key factors: information source, data evaluation equipment, protection of economic and financial outcomes and data, and security. It was designed to evaluate the influence that Big Data has on list businesses. The study examines how big data can affect list businesses that make data-driven decisions using information analytics and other business intelligence. This study has concluded that list companies' business analytics tools have a significant impact on the economy and finances. Information was collected for analysis by conducting a survey on various business practices, and the investments made in IT technology by companies listed. Information analysis showed that data-driven decision (DDD) organizations have higher outputs and productivity. The relationship between DDD, inventory usage, consumer engagement and the market value of the list business can be clearly seen using Smart PLS techniques and excellent evaluation guidelines. Keywords: Data Source, Data Analysis Tools, Data Security, Economic and Financial Outcomes, FMCG Industry
EXPLORING THE ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF SECRETARIAL PRACTICE: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF THE SECRETARY
This study delves into the realm of secretarial ethics, examining both the challenges and opportunities inherent in ethical conduct for secretaries. Conducted within colleges of education in the north-western States of Nigeria, the research delves into the ethical dilemmas faced by secretaries and the potential benefits of upholding principles such as honor, integrity, and trustworthiness in their professional practice. Employing an interpretive qualitative approach, the study engaged six human resource managers directly involved with secretarial staff and six office technology and management (OTM) lecturers responsible for training future secretaries. Data analysis was facilitated using Nvivo 10 software to ensure rigor and accuracy. Given the sensitive nature of secretarial duties, which often involve handling confidential organizational information, the study underscores the indispensable role of ethical behavior in the secretary's profession. It concludes that maintaining ethical standards is paramount, particularly as secretaries are entrusted with safeguarding organizations' privileged decision-making processes. Finally, the study recommends recognizing and rewarding secretaries who demonstrate ethical conduct as a means to incentivize and perpetuate such behavior, serving as positive examples for their peers.
NANOTECHNOLOGY METHODS USING FRUIT PEEL WASTE (FPW) IN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
Due to its adsorption properties, fruit peel waste (FPW) is readily available from agriculture and the food processing industry. This article reviewed the function of FPW in the management of wastewater. Additionally, this article provides information on the use of absorbent materials and modelling in wastewater treatment using nanotechnology. The investigation shows that there is little literature on the properties and behavior of commercial plants' adsorbents. The results for FPW as adsorbents are also not readily available. However, due to its affordability, FPW is regarded as an efficient method of wastewater treatment. The available research verified that FPW is a highly effective adsorbent for removing heavy metals and dyes. More research is needed to understand how FPW adsorbents behave while removing organic and gaseous contaminants.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGERS IN ENHANCING SECRETARIAL CAPACITY FOR MAXIMIZING EFFICIENCY
This paper explores the necessity of enhancing office technology skills among professional secretaries in Nigeria, particularly in Kano State, located in the north-western region of the country. It advocates for human resource managers to prioritize selecting suitable capacity-building training programs for their secretarial staff. Furthermore, it suggests implementing mechanisms to ensure secretaries provide feedback post-training and establishing a system to verify their attendance. Employing an interpretative qualitative design paradigm rooted in phenomenological philosophy, the study aims to capture subjective meanings and individual interpretations shaped by social contexts. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with eight participants and analyzed using Nvivo 10 software. The paper underscores the significance of ongoing capacity building and human resource development for confidential secretaries, emphasizing the need for continuous growth to enhance their competencies. It recommends human resource managers to assess employee participation in training programs and to prioritize relevant skill development aligned with the secretarial profession. Additionally, it suggests that sponsorship for capacity-building initiatives should be limited to programs directly related to the secretaries' profession and conducted by reputable organizations.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF WOMEN AND MEN IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL DECISION-MAKING STRUCTURES: GENDER AND GOVERNANCE
Women are underrepresented not only in the political sphere but also in decision-making within the private sector, at the village level and in civil society. At the local level, men usually dominate positions of power, including as religious and traditional leaders, local politicians and village elders. Women’s representation and leadership tend to be confined to areas that are traditionally ‘feminine’ such as social welfare. Women’s representation in informal decision-making processes is often more common than their representation in formal positions and structures, but it tends to be hidden and therefore not as highly valued as it should be in order to deepen democracy at the local, national and international level, it is important to ensure that women and men are able to participate on equal terms in both formal and informal decision-making structures. Poor levels of participation and representation in decision-making bodies is exacerbated, for both men and women, by intersecting discriminations relating to ethnic group, socioeconomic status, religion, disability and sexual orientation.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF THE WIDENING REACH OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON PUBLIC POLICY AND ECONOMIC EXAMINATION
The study adopted the NRI as an indicator of digitalization. It measures the “degree to which socio-economies across the world leverage ICT to increase their competitiveness” and captures the ICT regulatory environment, access, usage and diffusion of technology in society. Argued that the NRI was created to address critical gaps in our understanding of ICT development, particularly in countries. The NRI is an accepted indicator for assessing a country's development toward becoming a knowledge society. The NRI to illustrate that early adopter of technology fare far better than laggard users of technology, illustrating the synergistic effects of individual usage of technology. This argument is in alignment with the diffusion of technology theory. Since 2002, the World Economic Forum has produced the NRI as part of its Global Information Technology Report (GITR) series. Since its inception, it increased coverage in some countries from three to 40 countries.
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION GAIN BASED WEIGHTED LVQ FOR HEART DISEASE DIAGNOSIS
Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, making early and accurate diagnosis critically important. Machine learning techniques have increasingly been applied to support clinical decision-making. This study proposes an enhanced Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) model incorporating Information Gain-based feature weighting to improve classification performance in heart disease diagnosis. By assigning weights to features based on their relevance, the proposed method reduces the impact of irrelevant attributes and enhances predictive accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the Information Gain Weighted LVQ model outperforms traditional LVQ and several benchmark classifiers in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Keywords: Heart Disease Diagnosis, Learning Vector Quantization, Information Gain, Feature Weighting, Machine Learning
Copyright (c) 2025 JOURNAL OF CONTENT VALIDATION https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UNDERSTANDING FOREIGN AID IN AFRICA: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES AND REAL-WORLD OUTCOMES
Foreign aid is aimed at promoting development, but what is (under) development? Is it GDP growth rates or does it involve a visible change in the lives of a substantial portion of the population of a country? For this purpose, ‘development’ is mainly progress, be it economic, social or cultural, that serves the basic needs of both today and tomorrow. These needs include five interconnected freedoms; namely, economic opportunities, political freedoms, social freedoms, transparency and protective security. Under development occurs when these basic needs and freedoms are denied or not equally accessible to all members of the populace. Development is not the absence of development. It results from the uneven nature of human social, political and economic to us means much more than economic growth as measured by improvement in GDP per capita. In like manner, a decline in GDP growth rate does not necessarily mean there is underdevelopment.
RADIO ON-AIR-PERSONALITIES AND THE TECHNICALITIES FOR PRIMACY OF SIGNIFICATION
Since the deregulation of broadcasting in Nigeria, the citizenry has had to contend with the emergence of on-air personalities who lack the creativity and technicalities of the profession. NBC’s pressure for local content production has compelled pluralistic broadcasting stations in the country to hire content staff in compliance with the order. In proffering solution to the complaints from audiences, ombudsmen, neutral observers and scholars, this paper reviewed corpus literature on the technicalities required of on-air personalities, particularly on Nigerian radio, and recommends them alongside periodic capacity training for such broadcast practitioners to ensure effective communication and optimum performance. Keywords: Radio on Air, Primacy of Signification, On-Air-Personalities
THE LINKAGE BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION: EVIDENCE FROM ASIAN ECONOMIES
Energy provides many benefits along with a multitude of economic growth and development. However, billions are still relying on traditional fuels causing pollution and health issues. The study analyzes the linkage between energy consumption and economic growth based on per capita GDP for 8 major economies of Asia based on their size of GDP. Through the method of ANOVA, correlation, and time series analysis it has been seen that there is an increase in energy consumption along with the increase in the per capita GDP of an economy. The goodness of fit relation also concludes a direct and positive relationship between the consumption of energy and per capita GDP. Keywords: Energy, consumption, GDP, linkage, analysis.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF LABOURERS’ PROBLEMS IN ACCESSING WELFARE FACILITIES ON THEIR PERFORMANCE IN KERALA
Millions of people make their living as workers in the unorganised sector, which employs millions of people despite the lack of formal contracts and uniform working standards. When it comes to obtaining welfare facilities, workers in the unorganised sector face numerous obstacles. As a result, labourers struggle to find possibilities for skill development and social security in addition to addressing their basic necessities. In order to effectively tackle these complex issues, a comprehensive strategy that takes into account the particular characteristics of the unorganised sector is required. Customised solutions are crucial in ensuring fair access to welfare services for this essential workforce segment. The objective of the study is to analyse the impact of labourers’ problems in accessing welfare facilities on their performance in Kerala. Descriptive research method and convenience sampling technique have been adopted in the study. The sample of the study is 120. Simple percentage analysis, Chi-square analysis and correlation have been applied in the study to reach the findings of the study. The majority (35.8%) of the respondents are strongly agree towards the geographical accessibility as the barriers of labourers in accessing welfare facilities in unorganised sector. Therefore, it is essential that businesses and workers work together to remove these obstacles by optimizing procedures, strengthening public awareness initiatives, and pushing for better representation. Keywords: labourers’ problems, welfare facilities, labourers awareness, barriers in welfare facilities.