The Importance of Semiconductor and Laser in the Medical Sciences

Abstract

This research paper introduces semiconductor laser operation and delves into its applications in ophthalmology, surgery, cosmetics, and dentistry. It also highlights the promising future of semiconductor lasers in the medical field, offering valuable insights for researchers. Lasers, originating from Albert Einstein's 1917 theory, harness the power of excited atoms to produce a coherent, amplified beam of light. Charles Townes coined the term "laser" in 1951, and Theodore Maiman created the first laser in 1960 by exciting atoms within a medium, often a crystal, gas, or liquid. This process results in a high-wattage beam of light through energy reflection and amplification. In the medical realm, lasers have become indispensable tools, offering speed, precision, and minimal invasiveness. They have permeated various medical disciplines, transforming fields such as dermatology, ophthalmology, dentistry, and more over the last half-century. The laser's surgical functions include precise cutting with cauterization, tissue surface vaporization, and enabling internal visualization via optical fibers. Beyond surgery, lasers play a pivotal role in biological applications, from high-resolution microscopy to sub cellular nano surgery. This research paper encompasses a comprehensive survey of laser applications in medicine, categorizing them into four key areas: types of lasers, laser-tissue interactions, therapeutics, and diagnostics. These laser applications have profoundly impacted medical practices, exemplifying how innovative ideas can revolutionize the medical field.